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中秋節(jié)的來歷英文版50
中秋節(jié)的來歷英文版50【一】
The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, usually in October in Gregorian calendar.
每年農(nóng)歷八月十五日,是傳統(tǒng)的中秋佳節(jié)。這時(shí)是一年秋季的中期,所以被稱為中秋。
The festival has a long history. In ancient China, emperors followed the rite of offering sacrifices to the sun in spring and to the moon in autumn. Historical books of the Zhou Dynasty had had the word "Mid-Autumn". Later aristocrats and literary figures helped expand the ceremony to common people. They enjoyed the full, bright moon on that day, worshipped it and expressed their thoughts and feelings under it. By the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the Mid-Autumn Festival had been fixed, which became even grander in the Song Dynasty (960-1279). In the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, it grew to be a major festival of China.
中秋節(jié)有悠久的歷史,和其它傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日一樣,也是慢慢發(fā)展形成的,古代帝王有春天祭日,秋天祭月的禮制,早在《周禮》一書中,已有“中秋”一詞的記載。后來貴族和文人學(xué)士也仿效起來,在中秋時(shí)節(jié),對(duì)著天上又亮又圓一輪皓月,觀賞祭拜,寄托情懷,這種習(xí)俗就這樣傳到民間,形成一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的活動(dòng),一直到了唐代,這種祭月的風(fēng)俗更為人們重視,中秋節(jié)才成為固定的節(jié)日,《唐書·太宗記》記載有“八月十五中秋節(jié)”,這個(gè)節(jié)日盛行于宋朝,至明清時(shí),已與元旦齊名,成為我國(guó)的主要節(jié)日之一。
Folklore about the origin of the festival go like this: In remote antiquity, there were ten suns rising in the sky, which scorched all crops and drove people into dire poverty. A hero named Hou Yi was much worried about this, he ascended to the top of the Kunlun Mountain and, directing his superhuman strength to full extent, drew his extraordinary bow and shot down the nine superfluous suns one after another. He also ordered the last sun to rise and set according to time. For this reason, he was respected and loved by the people and lots of people of ideals and integrity came to him to learn martial arts from him. A person named Peng Meng lurked in them.
相傳,遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)候天上有十日同時(shí)出現(xiàn),曬得莊稼枯死,民不聊生,一個(gè)名叫后羿的英雄,力大無窮,他同情受苦的百姓,登上昆侖山頂,運(yùn)足神力,拉開神弓,一氣射下九個(gè)多太陽(yáng),并嚴(yán)令最后一個(gè)太陽(yáng)按時(shí)起落,為民造福。后羿因此受到百姓的尊敬和愛戴,不少志士慕名前來投師學(xué)藝,心術(shù)不正的蓬蒙也混了進(jìn)來。
節(jié)日起源【二】
“中秋”一詞,最早見于《周禮》。根據(jù)我國(guó)古代歷法,農(nóng)歷八月十五日,在一年秋季的八月中旬,故嫦娥傳說
稱“中秋”。一年有四季,每季又分孟、仲、季三部分,因此秋中第二月叫仲秋,到唐朝初年,中秋節(jié)才成為固定的節(jié)日!缎绿茣·卷十五志第五·禮樂五》載“其中春、中秋釋奠于文宣王、武成王”,及“開元十九年,始置太公尚父廟,以留侯張良配。中春、中秋上戊祭之,牲、樂之制如文”。中秋節(jié)也稱為仲秋節(jié),團(tuán)圓節(jié),八月節(jié)等,也是僅次于春節(jié)的第二大傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。中秋節(jié)的盛行始于宋朝,至明清時(shí),已與元旦齊名,成為我國(guó)的主要節(jié)日之一。
中秋月餅【三】
中秋節(jié)美食首推月餅,其起源說法多種。一說元代末年,江蘇泰州的反元起義領(lǐng)袖張士誠(chéng)(或說是朱元璋的謀士劉伯溫)利用中秋民眾互贈(zèng)圓餅之際,在餅中夾帶“八月十五夜殺韃子”的字條,大家見了餅中字條,一傳十,十傳百,如約于這天夜里一起手刃無惡不作的“韃子”(元兵),過后家家吃餅慶祝起義勝利,并正式稱中秋節(jié)的圓餅為月餅。
在后來很長(zhǎng)歷史時(shí)期,甚至在上世紀(jì)末,許多月餅上還貼有一方小紙片!只可惜,近年所產(chǎn)月餅已不見小紙片蹤影,月餅所含代代相傳的“文化密碼”蕩然無存。
另有一說為,明洪武初年,大將徐達(dá)攻下元朝殘余勢(shì)力盤踞的元大都北京,捷報(bào)傳到首都南京,正在下棋的明太祖朱元璋欣喜若狂,即傳諭中秋節(jié)普天同慶,并將當(dāng)初反元大起義時(shí)傳遞信息的月餅賞賜臣民。
月餅從此成為中秋節(jié)“法定”的食品,非食不可了。民-國(guó)年間,南京的月餅市場(chǎng)為廣(幫)式、蘇(幫)式和本地(幫)產(chǎn)“三分天下”,廣式的餡料以火腿、棗泥、椰蓉等為主,廠商以冠生園為首,其次有大三元、康樂園等。它們以聲勢(shì)浩大的廣告戰(zhàn)為手段,在報(bào)上刊登巨幅廣告,于櫥窗布置霓虹燈。
著名的蘇幫廠商有小蘇州、太平村、稻香村,在廣告制作上頗具海派特色,愛搞噱頭;蘇式月餅質(zhì)量不遜于廣幫,價(jià)格則較之便宜,故而節(jié)后盤點(diǎn),財(cái)源滾滾勝于廣幫。
廣幫的顧客是達(dá)官貴人、豪商巨賈;蘇幫的顧客多為小康人家;而廣大普通市民則樂趨本幫,雖然其餡料不過是葷五仁、素椒鹽兩種,全市100多家本幫點(diǎn)心鋪的店容店貌亦老氣橫秋,既不布置櫥窗,更不打廣告,但都靠質(zhì)量和誠(chéng)信及價(jià)廉贏得顧客盈門,市場(chǎng)份額相對(duì)廣幫、蘇幫而言有過之而無不及。