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英語從句類型總結
從句，是復句中具有分屬地位的分句，它是一種絕大部分語言都有的語法結構。在現代漢語的語法中，“從句”不作為專業(yè)術語被使用。下面是小編整理的英語從句類型總結，歡迎閱讀！
一. 賓語從句object clause：
定義definition：
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。
連接詞connections：
that: I think that you can pass the exam.
Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.
I don’t know where he found the book.
只用whether的情況： 1. 與or not連用：
I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 與動詞不定式連用：
He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 連接詞前有介詞時：
It depends on whether he is coming. 三. 時態(tài)tenses:
1. 主句是一般現在時態(tài)，從句根據實際情況而定(各種時態(tài)均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam.
2.主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應的過去的時態(tài)。 1)She said that she was a student.
2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
3)She said that she had finished her homework already.
3. 如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現象或事實時，這時賓語從句要用一般現在時態(tài)。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
二. 定語從句 Attributive clause：
1. 定義：在復合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語從句 2. 先行詞指人 who /that 先行詞指物 which/ that
3. 定語從句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞或代詞(即先行詞)后
4.關系代詞代替先行詞在句子中擔當成分，所以從句中不可再出現其他代替先行詞的代詞
5.翻譯方法 “…. 的” Eg.
1. Yesterday we bought a book which is really hard to understand.
2. The students who are from Maple Leaf School like learning English.
Whom: 先行詞指人，則代替先行詞在定語從句中充當賓語(包括介詞的賓語), 與who的區(qū)別是如果前面帶介詞則必須用whom 1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best. 2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking. Whose : 指人或物，作定語，表示 “…的”
eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.
關系代詞只能 that 的特殊情況:
1.先行詞前有序數詞修飾時：
This is the first gift that my parents bought me. 2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時：
This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen. 3. 先行詞是不定代詞something, anything等時.
e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop 4. 先行詞是人和物時, 用that.
e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.
5. 先行詞被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等詞修飾時,只能用that
e.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.
6. 特殊疑問句以who 或which 開頭，只能用that引導. Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform? 當關系代詞前使用介詞時：
物+介詞+which 人+ 介詞 + whom 當關系代詞前使用介詞時：
e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.
2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.
三. 狀語從句：Adverbial clauses
定義：
在復合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語(包括非謂語動詞)、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。 狀語從句一般分為八大類
時間狀語從句 地點狀語從句 原因狀語從句 目的狀語從句 結果狀語從句 條件狀語從句 方式狀語從句 讓步狀語從句
1. 時間狀語從句
When ---當……時候, 通常指某一特定的時間點，主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生。
When I opened the window, I saw him come up. When --- 正在……的時候，突然…。通常主句是進行時或 be about to 時，在翻譯的時候，when 可以譯成沒想到或突然。 I was walking along the street , when I met him.
When 當從句是進行時，主句是一般時，往往表示不滿。 Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast. When=after
When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons. While ---在……期間，往往指一段時間。 While we were in America, we saw him twice.
While ---表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。
We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football. As --- 一邊……一邊, 隨著
She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.
As --- 當……時，指一個動作緊接著一個動作發(fā)生，從句通常用進行時。 As I was going out, it began to rain.
The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately, ---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? ---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her. Not… until --- 直到……才
He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work. Before --- 在……之前
The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs. After --- 在…… 之后
The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent. Since ---自從……, 通常主句用現在完成時
I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.
It is just a week since we arrived here. As soon as --- 一……就……
Jack went to school as soon as he got well. No sooner than --- 一……就……
no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒裝 Hardly …when… Scarcely …when…
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. Once --- 一但……就……
Once you see him, you will never forget him. Every time, each time 每次whenever 每當
Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.
2. 條件狀語從句
引導狀語從句的連接詞有:
If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 據……所知，in case萬一, provided that假如, on condition that若是，以…為條件 If ---如果
If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane. Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not
We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight As long as --- 只要
We will succeed as long as we keep on trying. As (so) far as --- 據……所知
As far as I know, he speaks English very well. In case --- 假使, 如果
The plane cannot take off in case it rains.
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