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初中英語知識點總結牛津版
在平平淡淡的學習中,不管我們學什么,都需要掌握一些知識點,知識點就是“讓別人看完能理解”或者“通過練習我能掌握”的內(nèi)容。為了幫助大家掌握重要知識點,以下是小編精心整理的初中英語知識點總結牛津版,歡迎閱讀,希望大家能夠喜歡。
初中英語知識點總結牛津版1
1.stop to do sth. 和stop doing sth.
“stop to do sth! 表示停止做其它事情而去做“to do sth!彼硎镜氖虑,可以將“to do sth!崩斫獬伞皊top”的目的狀語;“stop doing sth!北硎静蛔觥癲oing sth!彼硎镜氖虑椤
例如: “Stop talking. Let’s begin our class。” said the teacher. 老師說:“別說話了,讓我們開始上課!
We have kept doing our homework for a long time. Let’s stop to listen to music. 我們做家庭作業(yè)很長時間了,讓我們停下來聽聽音樂。
2.forget to do sth。和forget doing sth. (remember to do sth. 和remember doing sth。)
“forget to do sth!北硎緦聿灰涀瞿呈,談的是未來的事情;“forget doing sth!北硎就涍^去應該做的'事情。
例如: “Don’t forget to do your homework。” said the teacher before the class was over.
老師在下課前說:“不要忘記做家庭作業(yè)!
“I’m sorry. I forgot doing my homework. May I hand it in this afternoon, Mr. Chen?” said Li Ming.
李明說:“對不起,我忘記做家庭作業(yè)了。我今天下午交好嗎,陳老師?”
3.have sth. done。(過去分詞)(讓別人)做某事
例如:I had my hair cut yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午理了發(fā)。
My computer can not work now. I must have it repaired. 我的電腦有故障了,我必須讓人修好它。
4. 感官動詞后接不帶to的不定式或者現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別
例如:see sb. do sth?匆娔橙(經(jīng)常)做某事 和see sb. doing sth?匆娔橙(正在)做某事
I often see him do exercise in the morning. 我經(jīng)常在早晨看見他鍛煉身體。
When I was walking in the park, I saw him drawing a picture there. 當我在公園散步的時候,我看見他正在那里畫畫。
5. 在主動語態(tài)中,感官動詞(see, hear, feel, watch等)和使役動詞(make, have, let等)要求接不帶to的不定式做賓語補足語,而在被動語態(tài)里,不定式要帶上to。
例如:The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day.
The workers were made to work 10 hours a day.
She was heard to use strong language. 聽說她罵人了。
6.常用的幾個和不定式有關的句型:
Why not do sth? 為什么不做某事?
It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人多長時間。
It is/was +形容詞+(for sb。) +to do sth. 做某事(對某人來說)怎么樣。
7. 介詞后面一般接動名詞。同學們要特別注意介詞to和不定式符號to的區(qū)別,例如下面的詞組一定要記清:
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡做……不喜歡做……
look forward to doing sth. 期待/盼望做某事
make a contribution to doing sth. 為……做出貢獻
8. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別
A. 現(xiàn)在分詞含有正在進行的意思,而過去分詞含有被動或者已經(jīng)完成的意思,如:
a developing country 發(fā)展中國家 a developed country 發(fā)達國家
boiling water 正在沸騰的水(一般情況下水溫為100℃) boiled water 開水(已經(jīng)燒開的水,水溫可以依然很高,也可以是涼白開)
a boy named Jim 一個叫Jim的男孩
B. 有些動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都具有形容詞特征,但是它們的意思有區(qū)別。它們的-ing形式往往用來說明事物的特征;他們的-ed形式表示被動的意思,用來說明人的情況。
I am interested in this interesting story. 我對這個有趣的故事感興趣。
I am moved at the moving sight. 我被這動人的情景感動了。
They were amazed at the amazing facts. 他們對那些令人驚異的事實感到驚奇。
初中英語知識點總結牛津版2
一般現(xiàn)在時的用法
1) 經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用.
時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實.
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗.
注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時.
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性.
I don’t want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時,用于操作演示或指導說明的示范性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作.再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時.
一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的`動作或存在的狀態(tài).
時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等.
Where did you go just now?
2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作.
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3)句型:
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了.
It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了.
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’寧愿某人做某事’
I’d rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等.
I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些.
初中英語知識點總結牛津版3
1. Shall
1)表征詢意見,用于第一、第三人稱疑問句。Shall I get some tea? 我給你點茶好嗎?
Shall the boy wait outside? 讓那男孩在外面等嗎?What shall we do this evening? 我們今晚做什么?
2)表說話人的意愿,有"命令、允諾、警告、決心"等意思,用于第二、第三人稱陳述句。
You shall do as I say. 按我說的做。(命令)
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答復。
。ㄔ手Z)He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他會后悔的,我告訴你。
(警告)Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我們執(zhí)行這項計劃。(決心)
2. Will
1)表意愿,用于各種人稱陳述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿為你做任何事。
None is so blind as those who won't see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。
If you will read the這本書,我會把它借給你。
2)表請求,用于疑問句。
Will you close the window? It's a bit cold. 請你把窗戶關上好嗎?有點冷。
Won't you drink some more coffee? 再來一點咖啡好嗎?
3)表示某種傾向或習慣性動作。
Fish will die out of water. 魚離開水就不能活。 The door won't open. 這門打不開。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好幾個鐘點,看著車輛行人通過。
3. Should
1)表義務。意為"應該"(某件事宜于做),用于各種人稱。
You should be polite to your teachers. 你對老師應該有禮貌。You shouldn't waste any time. 你不應該浪費時間。
2)表推測,意為"想必一定、照說應該、估計"等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 這部新電影是一流演員主演的,估計拍得很好。They should be home by now. 照說他們現(xiàn)在應當已經(jīng)到家了。
4.Would
1)表意I said I would do anything for you. 我說過我愿意為你做任何事。
2)表委婉地提出請求、建議或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再來杯啤酒好嗎?
Would you mind cleaning the window? 請把窗戶擦一下好嗎?
They wouldn't have anything against it. 他們不會有什么反對意見。
3)表過去反復發(fā)生的動作或過去的一種傾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻煩都會向她求助。他告訴我盒子打不開了。
5. ought to
1)表義務,意為"應該"(因責任、義務等該做),口氣比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父親,應當管他。You oughtn't to smoke so much. 你不應該抽這么多煙。
2)表推測,暗含很大的.可能,語氣較弱。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韓梅該知道他的電話號碼。
There's a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞,明天應該是個好天。
6. used to 表示過去的習慣動作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在不復發(fā)生或存在。疑問式和否定式有兩種。
He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他過去住在鄉(xiāng)下,現(xiàn)在住在城里。
There used to be a building at the street corner, bn. 街道拐角處過去有座樓房,現(xiàn)在拆了。
I usedn't (didn't use) to smoke. 我過去不抽煙。
Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你過去常步行去學校嗎?
初中英語知識點總結牛津版4
初中英語備考知識點:不可數(shù)名詞
1、不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞,尤不加不定冠詞:若加a(an)則使之具體化了。 如:have a wonderful time.
2、不可數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
3、不可數(shù)名詞一般無復數(shù)形式。部分物質(zhì)名詞在表不同類別時,可用復數(shù)形式。如:fishes(各種各樣的魚), newspapers(各種報紙), waters(河湖、海水), snows(積雪)……
4、有些抽象名詞也常用復數(shù),變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物。如:times 時代,works 著作,difficulties 困難
5、在表數(shù)量時,常用“of”詞組來表示。如:a glass of milk,a cup of tea, two pieces of paper……
初中英語備考知識點:專有名詞
專有名詞用來指具體的'人、地點、日子或物體的專有名稱。其特點是:第一個字母大寫,通常不與冠詞連用,無復數(shù)形式。
(一)人名
英美人的姓名與中國人的恰恰相反,姓在后面,名在前面,姓名前通常不用冠詞。例如:Mary Smith;George Washington。
(1)一般熟人間通常用名稱呼。例如:How's John getting on? 約翰近來好嗎?
(2)在不熟悉人之間或表示禮貌時,常把姓和稱謂連用。例如:Would you please tell John Smith to come to the office? 請你告訴約翰·史密斯到辦公室來一次好嗎?
(3)姓氏復數(shù)前加定冠詞可表示全家人。例如:The Turners have gone to America.特納一家人去美國了。
(二)地名
(1)大部分單數(shù)形式的地名不用定冠詞。例如:Asia;America;China; London;Shanghai
(2)大部分單數(shù)形式的湖、島、山名前不加定冠詞。例如:Silver Lake;Mount Tai
(3)山脈、群島、海洋、河流、運河、海灣、海峽、半島、沙漠名前一般加定冠詞。例如:the Pacific;the English Channel;the Sahara
(三)日期名
(1)節(jié)日名前通常不用冠詞。例如:Christmas;National Day
(2)星期名前通常不用冠詞。例如:Sunday;Tuesday
(3)月份名前通常不用冠詞。例如:April;December
初中英語知識點總結牛津版5
各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結構
一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài):
主語+am / is / are (not)+過去分詞
一般過去時的被動語態(tài):
主語+was / were +過去分詞
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài):
主語+have / has +been +過去分詞
一般將來時的被動語態(tài):
主語+will +be +過去分詞
過去將來時的被動語態(tài):
主語+would / should + be +過去分詞
過去進行時的被動語態(tài):
主語+was / were + being +過去分詞
過去完成時的被動語態(tài):
主語+had + been +過去分詞
情態(tài)動詞的`被動語態(tài):
情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞
介詞知識點
一些容易混淆的介詞
表示時間的at、on、in的用法區(qū)別at主要表示:
(1)在某具體時刻之前,如at seven o’ clock,at 7:30。
(2)在固定短語中,如:at noon,at night,at that time,at the age of at the weekend,at Christmas。
On用來表示“在??天”,如:On Monday,On May lst,On Children’s Day。 in用來表示:
(1)在某年、某月、某季節(jié)。
(2)在—段時間之后,如:in two hours,in a few days。
注意:在純粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上時,用in the morning/afternoon/evening,但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介詞on。如:on Monday morning,on the morning of Children's Day。
動詞固定搭配知識點
1. want to do sth.想要做某事
I want to buy a new computer this afternoon.
我想今天下午買臺新電腦。
2. would like to do sth.想要做某事
I would like to invite you to come to my birthday party this Saturday.
我想邀請你這周六來我的聚會。
3. wish to do sth.希望做某事
I wish to live on the moon one day.
我希望有一天在月球上生活。
4. help(to)do sth.幫助做某事
I often help(to)do some chores at home.
我在家經(jīng)常幫著做家務。
5. hope to do sth.希望做某事
I hope to have a good rest this weekend.
我希望這周末好好休息一下。
初中英語知識點總結牛津版6
一.賓語從句的定義
置于動詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語從句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以帶賓語從句。
二.賓語從句中引導詞的用法
在復合句中作主句的賓語,引導詞有:
連詞:that (that 常可省略),whether, if 。代詞:who, whose, what ,which 。副詞:when ,where, how, why 等。
(一)that引導的賓語從句(在非正式場合that可以省略)
可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事項:當主句謂語動詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞,而賓語從句的意思是否定時,常把否定轉移至主句表示。
例句:I don't think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情況中that不能省略
1當句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that引導的賓語從句時,第一個that可省,但后面的that不可省。
例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2當主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時,that一般不可省。
例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3當that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時,that不可省。
例句:I can't tell him that his mother died.
注意事項:許多帶復合賓語的句子,that引導的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部,而用it作形式賓語。
例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
。ǘ┯蓋hether,if 引導的賓語從句
由whether(if)引導的賓語從句,實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是"是否"。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來,在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用,但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的`。
例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether,不能用if引導的賓語從句
1在帶to的不定式前
例句:We decided whether to walk there.
1在介詞的后面 例句:I'm thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
2在動詞后面的賓語從句 例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
3直接與or not連用時 例句:I can't say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引導的賓語從句
1 if引導條件狀語從句,意為"如果" 例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
2 if引導否定概念的賓語從句時 例句:He asked if I didn't come to school yesterday.
3 引導狀語從句even if(即使)和as if(好象)時 例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.
。ㄈ┻B接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句
這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的,賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結構的動詞常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
英語中的連接代詞有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。
例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英語中的連接副詞有:when,where,why,how,在句中擔任狀語的成分。
例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三.賓語從句的語序 賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即:連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。
例句如下:
1 I don't know what they are looking for.
2 Could you tell me when the train will leave?
3 Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四.賓語從句的時態(tài)
1主句是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句根據(jù)實際情況使用任何時態(tài)。例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2主句是過去時態(tài),從句須用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。例句:She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time.
3 當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時,即使主句是過去時,從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)!±洌篢he teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五.賓語從句的特點
1賓語從句可以作及物動詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。
2 賓語從句的語序一律用陳述句語序。
3連接詞that引導賓語從句在句中無詞義,不充當句子成份,多數(shù)情況下可以省略。
4whether 和 if 都可引導賓語從句,但 whether后可緊跟or not;whether從句可作介詞的賓語。
5 如果從句太長,可以用形式賓語it.
初中英語知識點總結牛津版7
1.主語:句子所陳述的對象。
2.謂語:主語發(fā)出的動作。一般是有動作意義的動詞。
3.賓語:分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,屬于動作的承受者。
4.系動詞:表示狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)變化的`動詞,沒有實際的動作意義。如be,感官系動詞(look, sound, smell,taste和feel)、保持類系動詞(keep, stay和remain)、狀態(tài)變化類系動詞(become、get、turn和go)等。
5.表語:緊跟系動詞后面的成分。
6.定語:修飾名詞或代詞的成分。
7.狀語:修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或句子的成分。
8.補語:分為賓語補足語和主語補足語。是對賓語和主語的補充說明,與其有主動或被動的邏輯關系。
例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.你應該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。(You是主語,shouldkeep是謂語,the room是賓語,clean and tidy是賓語補足語。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來很可口。(This kind offood是主語,tastes是系動詞,delicious是表語。)
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