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非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總結(jié)
總結(jié)是對(duì)取得的成績(jī)、存在的問(wèn)題及得到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)等方面情況進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)與描述的一種書面材料,它在我們的學(xué)習(xí)、工作中起到呈上啟下的作用,因此我們要做好歸納,寫好總結(jié)。你所見過(guò)的總結(jié)應(yīng)該是什么樣的?下面是小編收集整理的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總結(jié),僅供參考,大家一起來(lái)看看吧。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總結(jié) 篇1
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。
為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法和含義,我們將分別從三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來(lái)區(qū)分其用法和細(xì)微含義。
1.不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作;而不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.這里禁止抽煙。
(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。
(具體)
(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
不定式短語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。
(經(jīng)驗(yàn))
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰時(shí)刻開車令人厭煩。
(經(jīng)驗(yàn))
(3)不定式做主語(yǔ),一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ),把作主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2.不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
(1)不定式作表語(yǔ)
1)不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作,特別是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做兩件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。
(2)如果主語(yǔ)是不定式(表示條件),表語(yǔ)也是不定式(表示結(jié)果)。
To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。
To work means to earn a living.工作就是為了生活。
(3)如果主語(yǔ)是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等為中心的名詞,或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,不定式作表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的`希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)買一輛豪華轎車。
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.
(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ):動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ),表示抽象的一般性的行為。
Our work is serving the people.我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的愛好是集郵。
注:動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同,但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異,進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的。
動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或情況。
People cannot but feel puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.
(3)分詞作表語(yǔ)
分詞做表語(yǔ)有兩種情況,一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ),一種是過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ),這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)?嫉降牡胤。
一般來(lái)說(shuō),表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite, interest等都是及物動(dòng)詞,漢語(yǔ)意思不是“激動(dòng)”,“高興”,而是“使激動(dòng)”、“使高興”,因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、“令人高興的”,過(guò)去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高興的”。
所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。
換句話說(shuō),若人對(duì)……感興趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有興趣時(shí),就是說(shuō)sb./sth. is interesting.
這類詞常見的有:
interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的
exciting令人激動(dòng)的--excited感到激動(dòng)的
The argument is very convincing.他的論點(diǎn)很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news.聽到這個(gè)消息,他們非常激動(dòng)。
3.不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式,也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語(yǔ),但有些動(dòng)詞要求:
(1)不定式做賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
1)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語(yǔ)
attempt企圖 enable能夠 neglect忽視
2)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ):動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式
ask要求,邀請(qǐng) get請(qǐng),得到 prompt促使
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總結(jié) 篇2
一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的概念
動(dòng)詞的基本用法是作謂語(yǔ)。
當(dāng)句中已經(jīng)有了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞了,要選或要填的動(dòng)詞就只能用非謂語(yǔ)形式了。
非謂語(yǔ)形式有三種:
1、動(dòng)詞不定式:to do
2、動(dòng)詞的ing : doing
3、 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞:done
二、三種形式的含義(基本用法)
不定式:表示目的和將來(lái);動(dòng)詞的ing:表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行;過(guò)去分詞:表示被動(dòng)和完成。
三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式
在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing
四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
不定式的`復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):for / of sb. to do sth.
動(dòng)詞 ing 形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):賓格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),用的所有格+doing)
五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的做題步驟
1、判定是否用非謂語(yǔ)形式。
方法:看看句子中是否已有了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞了
2、找非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。
方法:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般是句子的主語(yǔ)。
3、判斷主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
方法:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
4、判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系。
方法:分析句子,看看非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前、之后還是同時(shí)。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同時(shí)常用doing.
學(xué)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)形式時(shí),建議把三種形式一起來(lái)比較學(xué)習(xí),會(huì)更加有效一些。
一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的比較
1、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)
a. 不定式表示一次性的、具體的動(dòng)詞。
動(dòng)詞ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
如:
________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk
(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行為,用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),選 B
b. 不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it 作形式主語(yǔ),即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.
It’s important for us to learn English well.
It’s kind of you to help us.
注意:下面幾個(gè)句型是用動(dòng)名詞:
It’s no good / use doing sth.
It’s useless doing sth.
There is no need to do sth.
2、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞作表語(yǔ)的比較
1、不定式、動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ),.表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。
如:
My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的內(nèi)容)
Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. (主表語(yǔ)要用同一種形式)
2、 分詞作表語(yǔ)
記住:一些表示情感、情緒的動(dòng)詞,常用分詞形式作表語(yǔ)。
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特征,用過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。
常用動(dòng)詞:surprise (使某人吃驚), surprising (令人吃驚), surprised (主語(yǔ))感到吃驚)類似動(dòng)詞有:excite (激動(dòng)),astonish (驚奇),shock (震驚),scare (驚恐), disappoint (失望),move (感動(dòng)),
如:The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.
3、 在seem / appear (似乎,好像), prove / turn out (被證明是), remain (仍然是,尚待)等連系動(dòng)詞后,可用不定式作表語(yǔ)。
如:He seemed (to be ) very happy.
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總結(jié) 篇3
一、不定式
動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成形式為"to 動(dòng)詞原形"
動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)
1. It's our duty to clean the room every day.
2. To teach English is my favorite.
動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)
1. He wants to buy some vegetables.
2. Don't forget to bring your homework with you when you come to school.
3. He found it very difficult to fall asleep.
。酆(jiǎn)析]在want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember等動(dòng)詞后面,可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如果其后接形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),則可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而把作真正賓語(yǔ)的不定式放到后面。
動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
1. Robert often asks us to help him with his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends to cook Chinese food.
。酆(jiǎn)析]不定式可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。后面可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:ask,teach,expect,tell,allow等。
動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)
1. She went to see her teacher.
2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best to learn English well.
。酆(jiǎn)析]go,come,try,do / try one's best等動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí),其后常?梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z(yǔ)。
動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)
1. Would you like something to drink?
2. I have a lot of homework to do.
3. He is not an easy man to get on with.
。酆(jiǎn)析]不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),常放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后,與被修飾的詞語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞,構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。
不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式
1. We saw him enter the building and go upstairs.
2. So much work usually makes them feel very tired.
3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better not wake him up.
4. I was made to do my homework in the afternoon.
[簡(jiǎn)析]1.在see,watch,hear,feel, notice等感官動(dòng)詞和make,have,let等使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式不帶to.但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式要帶to(let沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。2.在"had better"后面接不帶to的不定式。
某些動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的區(qū)別
remember to do(記住去做) remember doing(記得做過(guò)
forget to do(忘記去做) forget doing(忘記做過(guò))
try to do(設(shè)法做) try doing(試著做)
go on to do(接著做另一事) go on doing(繼續(xù)做同一事)
stop to do(停下來(lái)去做) stop doing(停止做)
can’t help to do(不能幫助做) can’t help doing(情不自禁做)
動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式
The new hospital to be built is near the factory.
二、動(dòng)詞的'-ing形式既包括動(dòng)名詞又包括現(xiàn)在分詞
動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞原形+ ing 構(gòu)成,同現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣,在句中可作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
1) 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ):Talking like that is not polite.
Learning from others is important . Putting on more clothes is not so good .
2) 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)The nurse's job is looking after the patients. Seeing is believing.
3)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有些動(dòng)詞須用動(dòng)名詞來(lái)作賓語(yǔ),它們是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy,
miss, keep. Practice等
Please stop smoking in the house. I like reading in the forest.
4)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)She is studying in the reading room.
現(xiàn)在分詞的用法:
1) 做表語(yǔ):He was very amusing. That book was rather boring.
exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
2) 作定語(yǔ):a developing country a flying bird
There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside.
3) 作狀語(yǔ):
現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)可以表示一個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的次要的或伴隨的動(dòng)作:
Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.
現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)還可以表示原因, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句:
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)還可以表示時(shí)間, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
4)作賓補(bǔ):現(xiàn)在分詞在一些動(dòng)詞之后可以做賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ):
例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.
I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop.
2.過(guò)去分詞的用法:
1) 作表語(yǔ):We were so bored. She felt confused,
2) 作定語(yǔ):cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water
3)作狀語(yǔ):
Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. They came in, followed by some children.
4)作賓補(bǔ):過(guò)去分詞也同樣可以作賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ),接在某些動(dòng)詞后面
I will have the clothes washed tomorrow. When they get back home, they found the room robbed.
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